Short answer: Yes and No. In some developing countries child labour is a continuing problem, as for developed countries it doesn't happen quite often.
Children are usually driven to work when their families are facing financial difficulties or other problems (sudden illness of a caregiver, poverty, job loss). In almost every case of child labour their access to a proper education gets cut off, while their other rights are exploited. Whether it would be sexual or slavery exploitation. Even kids in the community you're leaving in may have experienced or experiencing child labour. Even though we live in a developed country there may be a mask we can’t see. But it seems that developing countries have it quite worse. And it’s not necessarily their fault. In developing countries it seems that hazardous labour is the only option.
In the continent of Africa
Africa has the largest amount of child labourers coming to 72 million are estimated to participate in child labor and 31.5 million hazardous work. In countries like the DRC and Sudan children are promoted to participate in the military. Which they join quite forcefully. Civil wars are quite an impact too. Becoming a soldier at a young age with a civil war happening is sadly a recipe for disaster.
In India
In India, 20% of children ages 15 -17 enter hazardous work. Textile factories, back breaking work in brick factories, helping with the processing of carpets, are all examples of hazardous work that children take the risk to do.